In piston engines, the camshaft is used to operate the intake and exhaust valves. The camshaft consists of a cylindrical rod running the length of the cylinder bank with a number of cams (discs with protruding cam lobes) along its length, one for each valve. A cam lobe forces a valve open by pressing on the valve, or on some intermediate mechanism, as it rotates. Meanwhile, a spring exerts a tension pulling the valve toward its closed position. When the lobe reaches its highest displacement on the push rod, the valve is completely open. The valve is closed when the spring pulls it back and the cam is on its base circle.
The materials used for a camshaft are usually either:Cast iron or Steel
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