University of California uses bio-3D printing technology to create organ models that can grow in vitro

Bioengineers at the University of California, San Diego have developed an easy-to-use bio 3D printing technology that uses realistic materials to create realistic organ tissue models. As a proof of concept, the University of California, San Diego's 3D printed vascular network maintains breast cancer tumor growth in vitro.

The researchers said that the goal is not to create artificial organs that can be implanted in the body, but to create models of human organs that are easy to grow and can be studied in vitro or used for drug screening. “We want to make everyday scientists easier. They may not have the specialized 3D printing technology needed to make any 3D model of any human tissue they are studying,” said Michael Hu, a biologist, biologist. Student at the Jacobs School of Engineering at the University of California, San Diego. “The model will be more advanced than standard 2D or 3D cell culture and will be more reactive with humans when testing new drugs, and the study is currently being performed on animal organ models.”

To create a live vascular network, the researchers first used Autodesk to digitally design a stent. The researchers used a commercial 3D printer to print scaffolding with a water-soluble material called polyvinyl alcohol. They then poured a thick coating, made of natural material, onto the stent, allowed it to solidify, and then flushed the stent material into the interior to form a hollow vascular access. Next, they cover the inside of the channel with endothelial cells, which are cells that line the inside of the blood vessels. The final step is to pass the cell culture medium through the blood vessels to keep the cells alive and growing.

Blood vessels are made from natural substances found in the body, such as fibrinogen (a compound found in blood clots) and Matrigel, a commercially available form of the actual mammalian extracellular matrix. However, finding the right material is one of the biggest challenges, said Xin Yi Lei, a co-author of the study, a bioengineering undergraduate. “We want to use natural materials instead of synthetic materials, so we can make as close as possible to the materials inside the body. They also need to be able to use our 3D printing method.”

In one set of experiments, researchers used printed blood vessels to keep breast cancer tissue in vitro. "Our hope is that we can use our system to create tumor models that can be used to test anticancer drugs in vitro." They extract tumor fragments from mice, then embed some fragments into the printed vascular network, and other parts are stored in standard 3D. In cell culture. After three weeks, the tumor tissue encapsulated in the vascular blot remained alive, while most of the tumor cells in standard 3D cell culture had died.

In another set of experiments, the researchers created a vascularized bowel model. The structure consists of two channels. One is a rectal tube lined with intestinal epithelial cells to mimic the intestines. The other is a vascular channel (lined with cells) that hover around the intestines. The goal is to reconstruct a bowel surrounded by a network of blood vessels. Each channel is then provided with a medium optimized for its cells. Within two weeks, these intestines began to appear more realistic. For example, the intestines have begun to grow villi, which are tiny finger-like protrusions on the inside of the intestinal wall.

"Through this strategy, we can begin to create complex, realistic in vitro growth systems in an isolated environment. It is important to test new drugs.

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