A thermocouple is a commonly used temperature measuring element in a temperature measuring instrument. It directly measures the temperature, converts the temperature signal into a thermo-electromotive force signal, and converts the temperature of the measured medium through an electrical instrument (secondary instrument). The appearance of various thermocouples is often very different due to the need, but their basic structure is roughly the same, usually composed of the main part of the hot electrode, insulating sleeve protection tube and junction box, usually and display instruments, recording instruments and electronic adjustment Supporting use. A thermocouple is actually an energy converter. It converts thermal energy into electrical energy and measures the temperature using the resulting thermoelectric potential. The thermoelectric potential of a thermocouple should be noted as follows: 1. The thermoelectric thermocouple's thermoelectric potential is a function of the temperature function at the two ends of the thermocouple's working end, not a function of the temperature difference between the cold junction and the working end of the thermocouple; 2. The thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple, when the material of the thermocouple is uniform, has nothing to do with the length and diameter of the thermocouple, but relates only to the composition of the thermocouple material and the temperature difference at both ends; 3. When the two thermocouple wire thermocouple material components are determined, the thermocouple thermoelectric power is only related to the temperature difference of the thermocouple; if the temperature of the thermocouple cold junction is kept constant, the thermoelectric power of the thermocouple is only The single-valued function of the working temperature.
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When the temperature of the two junctions is different, an electromotive force is generated in the loop. This phenomenon is called a thermoelectric effect, and this electromotive force is called a thermoelectric potential. Thermocouples use this principle for temperature measurement, in which the end that is used directly to measure the temperature of a medium is called the working end (also called the measuring end), and the other end is called the cold end (also called the compensation end); the cold end and the display The meter or associated meter is connected and the meter indicates the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple.