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The concept of the Internet of Things was proposed in China as early as in 1999. At that time called the sensor network. It is defined as: through information-sensing equipment such as radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc., according to the agreed protocol, connecting any item to the Internet for information exchange and communication to realize intelligence. A network concept that identifies, locates, tracks, monitors, and manages.
The "Internet of Things concept" is a network concept that extends and extends its user's end to any item and item on the basis of the "Internet concept" for information exchange and communication.
The Internet of Things (Internet of Things), widely recognized at home and abroad, was first proposed by Professor Ashton of the MIT Auto-ID Center in the research of RFID in 1999. In the report of the same name issued by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2005, the definition and scope of the Internet of Things have changed, and the coverage has been greatly expanded. It no longer refers only to the Internet of Things based on RFID technology.
Since Premier Wen Jiabao proposed "Sensing to China" in August 2009, the Internet of Things was formally listed as one of the country's five emerging strategic industries. It has been included in the "Government Work Report." The Internet of Things has received great attention from the entire society in China. Its degree of concern is unmatched in the United States, the European Union, and other countries.
The concept of the Internet of Things is not so much an external concept as it is already a concept of "Made in China". His coverage has evolved with time and has exceeded the scope of the 1999 Professor Ashton and the 2005 ITU report. The Internet of Things has been labeled "Chinese style."
The development of the Internet of Things
In recent years, with the continuous expansion of network bandwidth, the increasing recognition and processing capabilities of sensing devices and computers, and the increasing demand of users for the Internet of Things (IoT) business, IoT has gradually become the most active and worthy of attention in the communications and Internet industries. One of the fields.
It is predicted that by 2020, the world's inter-connected business, compared with people-to-people communications business, will reach 30 to 1, and the market potential of the entire Internet of Things market is expected to reach trillion-dollar level.
The immense market potential of the Internet of Things stems from the construction of an information-ubiquitous society (U-Society) that has become an inevitable trend of global development, and the Internet of Things is the basic supporting network of information ubiquitous society.
The Internet of Things is an important part of a new generation of information technology, and it is also an important stage of development in the “informatization†era. The Internet of Things is the internet of things connected. This has two meanings:
First, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, which is an extension and expansion of the Internet.
Second, its user end extends and expands to any item and item for information exchange and communication, which means that the object rests. The IoT is widely used in the convergence of networks through the communication sensing technologies such as IntelliSense, recognition technology, and pervasive computing. It is therefore also known as the third wave of the development of the world's information industry following the computer and the Internet.
The Thinkpad of the Internet of Things believes that the definition of the Internet of Things originates from IBM's Smart Earth program. The nine pilot industries in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan are all intelligent in the industry. Whether it is a smart solution or an intelligent industry, intelligence cannot be separated from data analysis and optimization technology. The analysis and optimization of data is one of the key technologies of the Internet of Things, and it is also the key point for the future of the Internet of Things to play its value.
Internet of Things Applications
1, smart home
Smart home is the use of advanced computer technology, Internet of things technology, communications technology, will be combined with the various subsystems of furniture life organically, through the overall management, make furniture life more comfortable, convenient, effective, and safe.
2. Intelligent Transportation
The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the development direction of the future transportation system. It integrates advanced information technology, data communication transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, control technology, and computer technology into the entire ground. The traffic management system establishes a comprehensive, real-time, accurate, and efficient integrated transportation management system that functions within a wide range and in all directions.
3, smart medical
Smart Healthcare is a health information regional medical information platform that uses the most advanced Internet of Things technology to achieve interaction between patients and medical personnel, medical institutions, and medical devices, and gradually achieves informationization. In the near future, the medical industry will integrate more high-tech artificial intelligence, sensor technology and other high technologies, so that medical services will become truly intelligent and promote the prosperity and development of medical services. Under the background of the new medical reform in China, smart medical care is moving into the lives of ordinary people.
4, smart grid
The smart grid is a comprehensive digital composite system that integrates sensing, communication, calculation, decision-making and control built on the basis of traditional grids. It controls the level of resources and equipment at each level of the grid to achieve hierarchical control. Management and power deployment to achieve a high degree of integration of energy flow, information flow, and service flow, and improve the stability of power system operation to maximize the efficiency of equipment, improve safety and reliability, save energy and reduce emissions, and improve the power quality of users Enhance the use of renewable energy.
5, smart logistics
Smart logistics is the use of integrated intelligent technology, so that the logistics system can imitate human intelligence, with thinking, perception, learning, reasoning and judgment and self-solve some of the problems in logistics. The future development of smart logistics will manifest four characteristics: intelligence, integration and hierarchy, flexibility and socialization. In the process of logistics operations, a large number of intelligence and decision-making intelligence; to logistics management as the core, to achieve the integration of logistics, storage, packaging, handling and other aspects of the logistics process and the level of the intelligent logistics system; intelligent logistics development will be more The concept of “customer-centric†is highlighted, and production processes are flexibly adjusted according to changes in consumer demand. The development of smart logistics will promote the development of regional economy and the optimal allocation of world resources to achieve socialization. Through the four intelligent mechanisms of the smart logistics system, namely, intelligent information acquisition technology, intelligent transfer technology, intelligent processing technology, and intelligent application technology.
6, smart agriculture
Smart agriculture (or factory-based agriculture) refers to modern advanced agricultural production methods that use industrialized production to achieve intensive, efficient, and sustainable development under relatively controlled environmental conditions, that is, advanced agricultural facilities are compatible with land and have a high degree of Technical specifications and high-efficiency intensive production management methods.
7, smart power
Smart power refers to the interaction between the power industry and its customers, including electricity sales and how to use the smart grid to change the way the power industry operates. The second section describes the power industry's fuel supply and decarbonization requirements, and describes the development of large-scale power generation and distribution. The cost of power generation and its advantages and disadvantages; The third part discusses how the U.S. power companies can change to meet these challenges and maintain sustainable development.
8, smart security
With the development and progress of science and technology and the ascent of information technology in the 21st century, intelligent security technology has entered a completely new field. The boundary between intelligent security technology and computers is gradually disappearing. Without security technology society, it will appear Unsettled, the progress and development of world science and technology will be affected.
9. Smart City
Smart cities use information and communication technologies to sense, analyze, and integrate key information about the core systems of urban operations, and to respond intelligently to a variety of needs, including people's livelihood, environmental protection, public safety, urban services, and industrial and commercial activities. . Its essence is to use advanced information technology to achieve smart city-style management and operation, and then create a better life for people in the city and promote the city's harmony and sustainable growth.
10, smart car
Intelligent vehicle is an integrated system integrating environmental awareness, planning and decision-making, multi-level assisted driving and other functions. It integrates computers, modern sensing, information fusion, communications, artificial intelligence, and automatic control. It is a typical high-tech vehicle. Technical complex. At present, research on smart vehicles is mainly focused on improving the safety and comfort of automobiles and providing an excellent human-vehicle interaction interface. In recent years, smart vehicles have become a hot topic in the field of vehicle engineering research in the world and a new driving force for the growth of the automobile industry. Many developed countries have incorporated them into their respective focused intelligent transportation systems.
11. Intelligent Building
Intelligent building refers to providing a user-friendly building environment that is efficient, comfortable and convenient by optimizing the structure, system, service, and management of the building according to the user's needs. Intelligent building is a product of modern science and technology. Its technical foundation is mainly composed of modern building technology, modern computer technology and modern communication technology.
12, smart water
Smart Water Services timely senses the operation status of the city's water supply and drainage system through on-line monitoring devices such as data collectors, wireless networks, and water quality and pressure gauges, and organically integrates water management and water supply and drainage facilities in a visual manner to form the “Urban Water Utility Networkâ€. , It can analyze and process the massive water information in a timely manner, and make corresponding decisions to assist decision-making, and manage the entire production, management, and service processes of the water system in a more detailed and dynamic manner so as to achieve “intelligent†status. .
13, business intelligence
The concept of business intelligence was first proposed by the Gartner Group in 1996. Gartner Group defines business intelligence as: Business intelligence describes a series of concepts and methods, and assists business decisions by applying fact-based support systems. The formulation. Business intelligence technologies provide technologies and methods that enable companies to quickly analyze data, including collecting, managing, and analyzing data, transforming it into useful information, and distributing it throughout the enterprise.
14, smart industry
The smart industry continuously integrates various types of terminals with environmental awareness capabilities, computing models based on ubiquitous technologies, and mobile communications into all aspects of industrial production, greatly improving manufacturing efficiency, improving product quality, and reducing product costs and resource consumption. Traditional industries have advanced to a new stage of intelligence. The “Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan for the Internet of Things†formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology includes the intelligent industrial application demonstration projects as: production process control, production environment monitoring, manufacturing supply chain tracking, product life cycle monitoring, and promotion of safe production. And energy-saving emission reduction.
15. Safe City
Safe City is a very large and comprehensive management system. It not only needs to meet the needs of public security management, urban management, traffic management, and emergency command, but also takes into account the needs of image monitoring for disaster accident warning and safety production monitoring. At the same time, we must also consider the integration of alarms, access control, and other supporting systems and the linkage with broadcast systems.