Satellite Remote Sensing Technology Civilization

Academician Fang Jiaxiong is a leader in China's optical sensor technology field. He was elected to the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2001. He is currently a researcher and deputy chief engineer of the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is also the director of the Academic Committee of the State Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and the China Optical Society. Director of the Infrared and Optoelectronic Devices Committee.

Academician Fang Jiaxiong has been engaged in the research and development of semiconductor sensors such as medium and long-wave infrared sensors, ultraviolet sensors, and short-wave infrared sensors. The various sensors it developed and hosted were successfully applied to the "Fengyun 1" and "Fengyun 2" meteorological satellites, and the "Shenzhou 3" spacecraft, etc. The relevant achievements won 6 national scientific and technological progress awards, which solved the infrared remote sensing for China's spaceflight. Major key technical issues have opened up infrared sensor technology for China's space remote sensing.

Aerospace infrared remote sensing technology has broad prospects for civilian use. "We have been studying aerospace infrared remote sensing technology and have not been involved in the field of civilian near-infrared spectroscopy. Now the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has begun a comprehensive study of infrared multispectral technology." Academician Fang Jiaxiong said.

"Why are we interested in the civilian use of space infrared remote sensing technology?"

Academician Fang Jiaxiong first introduced the related background of his research on the development of near-infrared spectroscopy equipment for civil aviation infrared sensors and his colleagues.

In 2006, we participated in the 1st National Conference on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and obtained a useful message: When some instrument companies were producing small-scale spectrometers, some key devices were not available at home and they were purchased from foreign companies. We conducted research on this and found that in the past 10 years ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of Science and Technology have supported many small and micro-near-infrared spectrometer projects through various channels. However, the core components of the instruments developed by these projects have been adopted abroad, and these instruments have not been industrialized after they were completed.

In fact, the above-mentioned core component happens to be the “indium gallium arsenic arsenic near-infrared focal plane” that we developed for space applications four years ago. The instrument lacks this device. The users are very urgent and we can produce this core component. We should do something in this area.

In addition, the civilian use of spaceborne infrared remote sensing technology has a big background: the state clearly proposes a gradual transformation of economic development methods, in which it is hoped that the Chinese Academy of Sciences will not only study some “big” sciences, but also will develop major scientific research projects such as space technology, and publish technology. The article also needs to do "some" specific tasks in various fields such as industry, agriculture and medicine to contribute to the development of the national economy.

Under this guiding ideology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has two “big deployments.” One is the establishment of a new office. This new office is jointly established with local governments. Its purpose is very clear. It is not only necessary to study cutting-edge technologies, but also to make local economic development. Some useful things; Second, some old offices, the research area of ​​the branch should be combined with the characteristics of local economic development. All the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are "moving" and we are working hard. For example, we have two branches, one Changzhou office; the other Jiading branch is under construction.

Aerospace instrument technology is turning to civil use: The focus is on the development of low-cost technology for infrared sensors used in China's space remote sensing. There is no doubt that it is an advanced, high-level technology. However, what "bottleneck" needs to be broken through the application of aerospace instrumentation to the civilian sector? In response to this question, Academician Fang Jiaxiong talked about:

Some aerospace instrument technologies are being turned to civilians where there are many areas that need to be re-developed. Taking near-infrared spectroscopy as an example, the development of near-infrared spectroscopy technology is driven by applications. Therefore, we began to contact “outside” in 2008. One of them is Professor Chen Bin from Jiangsu University. His research area is mainly the food industry. He also has developed some near-infrared spectroscopy instrument analysis software and hardware. The other is Professor Gong Shuying of Zhejiang University. Her research area is mainly the evaluation of tea quality. Both professors are engaged in applied research. Their requirements for NIR spectrometers are miniaturized, reliable, and inexpensive.

To be honest, the development of a near-infrared spectrometer that meets these three requirements is no less difficult than the development of aerospace instruments. Aerospace instruments also require small size, reliability, and low power consumption, but there are no excessive costs. The application of small and micro-near-infrared spectroscopy instruments in industries, agriculture, medicine, and other fields is very extensive, but now a general instrument needs hundreds of thousands. If it is often used in the field, it needs millions, so there is an urgent need to reduce costs.

However, for us, "cheap" is not usually considered to increase production scale to reduce costs, but to develop low-cost technology. For example, platinum and gold were originally used in aerospace instruments. Nowadays, it is necessary to use ordinary metal materials such as aluminum for civilian use. The cost reduction must also ensure that the corresponding performance can meet the requirements. Low-cost technical requirements are researched in principle and on the basis of basic technology research. Moreover, these related issues are proposed by us from the application of the transplant, not tracking international advanced technology, it is entirely our own creation.

The “Component Application Technology Research Group” was established: When the prototype of the miniature near-infrared spectrometer was completed in 2009, the team of Fang Jiaxiong’s academicians established a research group called the Component Application Technology Research Group. The recent development goal of the research group is to establish three designs. Platforms, three test platforms, and a miniature near-infrared spectrometer have also been developed.

Among them, the design platform is a large-scale circuit design platform, process design platform, and reliability design platform; the test platform is an infrared device MTF (modulation transfer function) test platform, a small spectrometer parameter test platform, and a shortwave infrared focal plane parameter test platform. These design platforms and test platforms are application-based technologies. The main reason is that our “InGaAs/NIR-focal plane” devices can be used very well in near-infrared spectroscopy. Through discovering problems and solving problems, we can continuously improve device performance and reduce The cost also provides new means for the solution of device problems in aerospace applications.

At present, we have completed the prototype of a near-infrared spectrometer and are testing the application of the “InGaAs/GaAs near-infrared focal plane” device. At the same time, we also set up the MTF test system. At this stage, we mainly test the transfer function of the “InGaAs/NIR focal plane”. The goal is to find the relationship between the transfer function and the design, processing, and physical mechanism of the device, and the device itself. Make it clear to improve the device's transfer function. The MTF test system project is the basic research topic that we have extracted from the application.

In this process, the academician Fang Jiaxiong team has two experiences: First, near-infrared spectroscopy is the application of technology-driven development, where the "technology" includes software technology, basic technology, hardware technology, the basic technology is mainly chemometrics Second, from the new application requirements - low-cost technical requirements to extract the basic technical issues for research, access to our own research results with independent intellectual property rights, and this result can be realized immediately.

Academician Fang Jiaxiong talks about the problems in China's analytical instrument industry and the gap with foreign countries. Academician Fang Jiaxiong is a famous optical sensor expert in China and has made outstanding contributions to China's science and technology. In response to the problems in the development of the analytical instrument industry in China, Academician Fang Jiaxiong pointed out his 40 years of scientific research experience:

The main problems in the development of analytical instruments in our country are: the basic research and applied research, and the disconnect between production and manufacturing. First, the biggest problem: how is China's research power dispersed and how can it be “kneaded” together?

There is a problem of decentralization, “little slapstick” and “unable to pinch up” in China’s scientific research power. How can we combine the scientific research strength and form the formidable force in the hardware and software technology of our analytical instruments? At present, we must focus on the problems that need to be solved.

The second question: How to get along with foreign instrument companies?

On the one hand, China's analytical instrument industry should thank the foreign instrument companies for their help. On the other hand, there is still a competitive relationship between the two. Therefore, there is a cooperative and competitive relationship between domestic analytical instrument companies and foreign instrument companies. In this relationship, the best result is a win-win situation. Foreign instrument companies can make money and our related industrial level. It has also been improved to jointly lower the price of the instrument and work together to make the application more extensive.

The third question: How to raise the talent training plan to a more important position?

The National Fund Committee has invested a large amount of funds each year. There are two main tasks. The first is to successfully extend the basic research results to applied research and manufacturing, provide scientific methods for applied research and manufacturing, and second, cultivate scientific and technological talents. The current cultivation of scientific and technological talents is mainly in universities and scientific research institutes. In the future, corporate talent training should be placed in a more important position, and enterprises should be promoted to improve their technological level, and enterprises can quickly apply basic research results to production.

The fourth question: China's scientific and technological circles are only keeping an eye on and tracking international cutting-edge technologies. This is a misunderstanding!

It is necessary to keep a close eye on the frontiers of international science and technology, but it cannot produce scientific research results with completely independent intellectual property rights. The so-called "Focusing on the frontiers of international science and technology" is something that some people are doing, but most of them are foreigners, which means that we are running behind others and are behind. "Tracking advanced international technologies" is what others have done for five or six years and have already been industrialized. We will continue to do so, and we will be farther away from the "frontier."

Why have we been tracking international advanced technology in the past? I think that we have not studied thoroughly applied technologies. Without thorough research, no problems can be discovered and basic research topics cannot be extracted. Our basic research is usually to see what articles have been published internationally and followed. I think we have to work hard to change this situation.

The gap between domestic near-infrared spectroscopy instruments and foreign countries: not at the level but mainly at the level of reliability The domestic near-infrared spectroscopy instruments are not much different from foreign technology levels, and the gap is mainly in terms of reliability. However, China's analytical instrument industry does not pay much attention to the reliability of the instrument. Academician Lu Yuzhen once put forward the "China's analytical equipment companies should develop a stable and reliable hardware," the experience of the talk should arouse our attention.

Another difference is in the accessories of the instrument. Usually, the attachments made with domestic instruments are not equipped with foreign instruments. The connection between domestic equipment manufacturers and users is not close, and manufacturers do not understand users and do not know what users want. Moreover, if only a large amount of manpower and material resources are invested for the application needs of some users, most domestic manufacturers are unwilling.

In fact, in terms of the key components of the instrument, domestically and abroad, the key components of domestic and foreign instrument companies are purchased. The only difference is that foreign instrument companies have domestic devices in this area, or have price advantages; and our country The instrument companies need to buy abroad and cannot achieve complete local production.

Suggestions for Young Grassroots Scientific Research Workers: Do a good job of doing the best in the middle school, improving the level of work, and gaining benefits in the process. Even if you only work for one day, don't be sloppy. What problems are encountered, documented, and then seek various ways to solve them.

The second is to take the initiative to clarify the principles of any analytical instrument or analysis method. This learning process is much more effective than learning in the university.

The third is to try to figure out all the configurations of the experiment and how they interact with each other when doing an experiment.

In general, it is to do a good job in middle school, to improve one's own level in the dry, to gain their own interests in the dry. In the current work, he has cultivated innovative thinking, and he has changed from small reforms to major innovations.