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According to surveys, in the first-tier cities where charging piles are scarce, only less than 10% of users install charging equipment and operate in hybrid mode. More users buy plug-in hybrid vehicles, get scarce licenses and high purchase subsidies. In fact, they use pure fuel consumption model vehicles, completely contrary to the original intention of the government to implement new energy vehicle policies. For some time, new energy vehicles have been favorable policies. Frequently, in particular, the purchase-free tax exemption for new energy vehicles that began on September 1 this year has caused a partial “blowout†in sales of new energy vehicles in the second half of the year, and major auto makers have staged orders for battles. However, with the continuous increase in government support, the access system for local new energy vehicles has also become the focus of car manufacturers and consumers. The major controversy is whether the development of new energy vehicles should support pure electric vehicles. Plug in the mix?
Controversy has been around for a long time
In fact, the competition between pure electricity and plug-in power has been long-standing. Since the launch of the “Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Planning (2011-2020)†in 2012, pure electricity and plug-in have been in a state of contest. Whether new energy vehicles should be based on pure electric vehicles, or the development of hybrid vehicles, and then gradually transition to pure electric vehicles, is the focus of controversy. This debate gradually evolved into various aspects such as the competition for government resources, geographical access, and environmental protection disputes.
Technical factors have long been conclusive, "purely driven" electric vehicles aimed at zero emissions, and follow the trend of automotive electric development, on behalf of the development direction of the automotive industry, it has become China's new energy vehicles, "the direction of development and the top priority." At the same time, taking into account the gradual maturity of hybrid vehicle technology at this stage, it cannot be abandoned as a transitional stage for new energy vehicles. At present, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other first-tier cities have opened up plug-in hybrid vehicles, and only Beijing will block the plug-in path outside the door, insisting on the idea of ​​new energy development of pure electric vehicles.
Industry experts pointed out that in the development of new energy vehicles, whether pure electricity or hybrid, in fact, there is not too clear boundaries, it is important to proceed from the local situation. As the capital of China, Beijing has much more pressure on environmental governance and traffic congestion than other cities. Adhere to the support of pure electric vehicles, it is entirely from the perspective of the pressure of haze control and the number of vehicles to be controlled.
At present, although plug-in hybrid vehicles are said to be new energy vehicles, the fuel tank volume and Battery capacity are not directly proportional to the example of a plug-in hybrid vehicle in a certain domestic brand that has access to multiple sites. The vehicle is cruising in pure electric mode. Only 70 kilometers, and its fuel tank volume up to 50L, in the fuel consumption mode can reach a maximum of 700 kilometers. In view of this, the ratio of electric drive and oil drive mileage is only 1:10, which is basically the same as ordinary gasoline vehicles. A lot of exhaust emissions are worrying.
Surveys have shown that in Shanghai, where first-tier cities where charging piles are scarce, only less than 10% of users installed charging equipment and operated in a hybrid mode. However, more users obtain rare licenses and high purchase subsidies through the purchase of plug-in hybrid vehicles. In fact, they use pure fuel consumption model vehicles, completely contrary to the original intention of the government to implement new energy vehicle policies. It is reported that the reason why the Shanghai Municipal Government is inserting circuit lines is also a last resort. At present, it is difficult for the promotion of pure electric vehicles to meet the requirements for annual quantities.
As far as the actual situation in the Beijing area is concerned, the capital is a high incidence area for smog, and the pressure on the government’s environmental governance is huge. Of the 760 billion yuan of special treatment funds invested this year, a large part is used in the management of motor vehicles, one of which is an important performance. It is to increase the resources of new energy vehicles and try to gradually replace the number of traditional vehicles with zero-emission new energy vehicles, and reduce the impact of vehicle exhaust on PM2.5. Although the plug-in is currently one of the new energy technology routes supported by the state, there is a huge gap with the country, especially Beijing, about the severe situation of environmental pollution control. After all, high fuel consumption data is an indisputable fact.
The need for energy security
The country has spent enormous financial resources to promote pure electric vehicles, not only for environmental protection and energy structure adjustment, but more importantly for the consideration of national energy security. The data shows that at present, China’s foreign dependence on oil has approached 70%, and by the present growth rate, it may reach 85% by 2050. In such a high percentage of imports, fuel consumption for vehicles accounts for 70%, and it has become the largest category of dependence on the outside world. The consequences will be disastrous.
According to relevant data, China's automobile oil consumption accounts for about half of the total oil consumption. As one of the main sources of oil consumption, motor vehicles have become the primary consideration for the national energy security strategy. Against this backdrop, the government has introduced fuel consumption regulations, which force companies to reduce fuel consumption in phases and impose strict penalties. At the same time, we strongly advocated and supported the new energy automotive industry and listed it as a national strategic emerging industry.
It is not difficult to understand that on the issue of plugging in or pure electricity, the government has made a clear provision: Pure electricity is the main source, and plug-in is the supplement. The megacity should also encourage pure electric power to let us look at the attitude of developing new energy vehicles everywhere.
Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, as first-tier cities, represent different development paths for new energy vehicles. The Beijing Municipal Government has stressed more than once that access to new energy vehicles must be pure electric vehicles. The reason is that while plug-in hybrids can be recharged, owners think that charging stations are difficult to find, and the final use of gasoline will not guarantee the desired environmental protection goals.
Shanghai's policy on new energy vehicles appears to be relatively relaxed, and strict controls on entering vehicles are not strictly controlled. Judging from the implementation effect, the sales volume of plug-in hybrid vehicles is significantly higher than that of other new energy vehicles. In the voice of public opinion, support for plugging in also seems to have formed a one-sided momentum. Compared with Beijing and Shanghai, Shenzhen appears to be relatively closed, making a fuss about the number of dealers and service stations, and setting high thresholds to protect local companies.
Experts pointed out that these three different ideas will greatly affect people’s perception of new energy vehicles. The importance of the development of pure electric vehicles for environmental protection is self-evident. However, in some cities where charging and supporting facilities are not yet complete, they will vigorously give new energy license plates and subsidies to promote plug-in hybrid vehicles. Any substantial contribution will also mislead consumers and it is not conducive to the progress of the entire new energy automobile industry.
First, plug-in hybrids are not truly environmentally friendly new energy vehicles. Taking Shanghai's best-selling brand as an example, a 50L fuel tank is configured. If it is not recharged, there is no difference between using it and an ordinary car. On the other hand, from the current pure electric vehicle promotion effect in Beijing, the idea of ​​adhering to pure electric power has achieved a good demonstration effect, and charging piles and supporting facilities have been continuously improved, and the acceptance and acceptance of consumers and citizens are also high. The market has already formed a consumption boom for pure electric vehicles.
Secondly, as plug-in hybrids are closer to conventional automobiles in use, dual-use of oil and electricity is more convenient, and the direction of pure electric power will be devastatingly hit. The most precious public financial resources will be occupied by mixing, and the pure electric vehicle market environment will It is difficult to form and is in a difficult position. This is totally inconsistent with the development goals of the country's new energy vehicles.
In addition to its own reasons, technology is also a problem that cannot be solved. According to experts, companies in individual countries currently hold the forefront of hybrid technology and have set up strong technical barriers. If the plug-in hybrids are allowed to open up, local companies engaged in new energy vehicles will not be able to withstand such brands.
Fu Yuwu, chairman of the China Automotive Engineering Society, pointed out that the domestic pure electricity-based technology route has already taken shape, and it has begun to achieve mass production and industrialization. This shows that in China's new energy development, the current condition is that it can fully support the idea of ​​developing a pure electric vehicle with one-step zero emissions. There is no need to invest too much effort in this transitional phase. Since the purely electric route is the main direction of the country, and the pure electric technology and consumption environment have also become more mature, the route should not be shaken. Beijing, as a demonstration base for pure electric vehicles, is worth learning from other large cities.