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Reporters interviewed in Beijing, Tianjin, and Wuhan found that with the maturity of natural gas use technology, natural gas powered vehicles with environmental protection and conservation effects are being welcomed by some private car owners and manufacturers. Experts say that it will take time for electric vehicles to replace traditional cars. In the next 20 years, the conversion of lower-cost natural gas vehicles is expected to become an important part of new energy vehicles. Huatai Securities recently released the "Natural Gas Equipment Industry Series Report" also pointed out that natural gas vehicles have a very strong economy, the potential for explosive growth in the future.
Reduce particulate emissions
In recent years, there has been a surge in the number of motor vehicles in urban areas and the emission of automobile exhaust pollutants has increased significantly. In particular, the particulate matter emitted by fuel vehicles has a significant impact on the environment. Some institutional studies have shown that one of the root causes of recent haze in cities across the country is vehicle exhaust emissions.
The reporter learned from Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau that from 2007 to 2012, the number of motor vehicles in Wuhan increased from 760,000 to more than 1.3 million, with an average annual increase of 12%. The city’s motor vehicle emission of nitrogen oxides in the past three years Average annual growth of more than 10%.
According to experts, using natural gas as a fuel for automobiles can reduce pollutant emissions.
Li Jianqiu, professor of automotive engineering at Tsinghua University, said: “The main component of natural gas is methane, and the carbon content per unit calorific value is lower than that of diesel and gasoline. In particular, there is no particulate matter in the emissions of gaseous fuels, even if the emissions contain nitrogen oxides. Insufficient combustion of methane or substances has a much smaller impact on the environment than gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles. Therefore, the promotion of natural gas fuel vehicles is beneficial to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and reducing PM2.5.â€
According to public information, the advantage of natural gas fuel is that it does not contain carcinogens such as benzene, lead, and sulfur, and it is completely burned, free of debris, and clean. Insiders calculated that natural gas vehicles emit 97% less carbon monoxide, 72% fewer hydrocarbons, 39% less nitrogen oxides, and 100% less dust than the conventional cars.
The reporter learned from the interview that the existing natural gas vehicles in the market are mainly divided into two parts. First, compressed natural gas (CNG) suitable for passenger cars is mainly used in private cars and taxis. Second, LNG is suitable for large vehicles. Its energy density is higher and it is mainly used in buses and heavy trucks. Of all these vehicles, part is the modification of the powertrain of traditional automobiles, which is commonly known in the market as “oil to gasâ€. The other part is that automobile manufacturers have been refitted at the time of production and the products are directly delivered to the market.
Lower cost of private car owners
Compared with traditional cars, natural gas vehicles have lower running costs. Mei Feng, who had spent nearly 10 years in Wuhan, Hubei Province, calculated the matter to reporters: When the gas tank is topped up, it can hold 22 cubic meters of natural gas, and it travels about 260 to 300 kilometers. Calculated at 4.5 yuan per cubic meter of natural gas, the fuel cost per kilometer is around 0.4 yuan. If you burn gasoline, the cost per kilometer is close to 0.7 yuan.
Reporters interviewed in multiple cities found that more and more vehicles use natural gas fuel.
Hubei Wuhan Development and Reform Commission introduced that since 2005, Wuhan has begun to promote “oil to gas†work, giving priority to the use of natural gas or liquefied gas fuel in public transport areas such as buses and taxis. Since the "oil to gas" project was launched, it has undergone an "advocacy-control-voluntary" process. Initially, the driver’s enthusiasm was not high due to the need to pay for the conversion himself. After the new batch of filling stations were built, a group of taxi drivers tasted the sweetness of saving and the number of “oil to gas†increased rapidly.
At the same time, the technology of “oil-to-gas†in the production process is already quite mature. At present, many domestic automobile manufacturers have produced models that are loaded with gas tanks and power conversion, and have been included in the National Automotive Catalogue.
The reporter learned from an automobile production company in Wuhan that a vehicle that was listed on the market last year was produced in the company, but reserved space for it. It was shipped to peripheral suppliers to install natural gas cylinders and other devices, and then it was delivered uniformly. Compared with the offline conversion, this type of vehicle has undergone major changes in pistons, valve seats and other auto parts, body structure, and other aspects, and the use of a dedicated engine, more suitable for natural gas combustion, reduce emissions. In addition, manufacturers have conducted 80,000 kilometers of safety tests to ensure the safety of cars.
The natural gas taxis produced by Beijing Hyundai Motor Co., Ltd. can use natural gas and gasoline as fuel. At present, some vehicles have been used in Beijing, Zhongshan, and Ningbo.
The reporter saw that the appearance of these taxis is not different from ordinary taxis. The engine is only slightly larger than ordinary cars. It can both “drink†natural gas and “drink†petrol, and can achieve natural gas and gasoline switching anytime. Natural gas is burned out and the engine is automatically replaced with gasoline as fuel. Because it is specially designed and manufactured, although the trunk is also equipped with a gas tank, the space is still very spacious, and it can fully accommodate large passengers.
Expected explosive growth
The reporter learned that in recent years, natural gas vehicles in China have developed rapidly and a relatively complete industrial chain has been formed. In 2011, there were more than 1 million natural gas vehicles in China, of which about 1/2 were operating vehicles. Most were taxis, followed by buses. Non-operating vehicles are mainly distributed in regions where the supply of gas sources is relatively sufficient. In the past ten years, the average annual growth rate of natural gas vehicles in the world has exceeded 25%. China's natural gas vehicle ownership has been forecasted to grow at an average annual rate of 10% to 15%. In 2015, it will reach 1.5 million to 1.8 million vehicles.
According to the person in charge of Beijing Hyundai, the LNG dual-fuel taxi has long been mass-produced in South Korea's Hyundai, and has already undergone market testing in terms of performance and safety.
According to Xu Caihua, a researcher of machinery and equipment industry of Huatai Securities, about one-tenth of the approximately 200,000 heavy trucks in the United States use LNG fuel and are in the process of development.
Li Jianqiu and other scholars pointed out that although in the long run, electric vehicles have more room for development, natural gas vehicles will also have development value in the next 20 or 30 years or even longer, and they are expected to become an important part of new energy vehicles.
First, before the storage capacity of the battery itself is not completely resolved, it is difficult for ordinary consumers to accept the cost and longevity of electric vehicles. In the near future, natural gas vehicles should become the priority energy saving and emission reduction technology. Huatai Securities recently released the "Natural Gas Equipment Industry Series Report" also pointed out that natural gas vehicles have a very strong economy, the potential for explosive growth in the future.
Second, battery power and fuel power are not antagonistic to each other. Both should use their strengths and should become the “left and right legs†of a car. With the development of electric vehicles, the use of natural gas technology is gradually maturing, and can help the car to solve the problem of continued mileage. Therefore, the pattern of new energy vehicles in the future may be diversified. Even if the technology of electric vehicles gradually matures, natural gas should also become an important part of new energy vehicles.
The reporter found that natural gas vehicles in some regions have shown vigorous development. Of the nearly 16,000 taxis in Wuhan, 13,000 are fueled by natural gas; Tianjin currently has nearly 20,000 "fuel and gas dual-powered" cars, including 125,000 taxis.