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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] The effective subsidy of agriculture to agriculture is an important policy adopted by many countries in the world, especially developed countries and regions, to protect and develop agriculture. But when it comes to agricultural subsidies, many farmers’ friends say they love and hate. Love is seeing hope again, hate is not knowing how much can go to your own hands, full of disappointment.
Looking at the essence through the phenomenon, China's agricultural subsidies still have many problems in the process of policy formulation and implementation. Today, the author looks at the status quo of China's agricultural subsidies from the agricultural subsidies in developed countries.
Love and hate: China's agricultural subsidy policy has many problems
Agricultural subsidies are the main and commonly used policy tools of a government's agricultural support and protection policy system, and the government's transfer payments to agricultural production, circulation and trade. Due to the particularity of agricultural production as an industry, subsidies to agriculture are an international practice, and every country, especially developed countries, does this. Since the end of the 1950s, China began to implement agricultural subsidies, which were reflected in the “machine-based fixed-loss loss subsidies†of state-run tractor stations. After decades of development, the subsidies have now been extended to the price subsidies for agricultural production materials and subsidies for agricultural production. Loan subsidy subsidies, rural tax subsidies, food production subsidies (now agricultural support protection subsidies), and subsidies for rural public infrastructure construction in recent years, etc., to improve farmers' living standards, stabilize food production, and ensure China Food security has played an important role and is of great significance.
However, on the whole, China's agricultural subsidies still have many problems in terms of policy direction or implementation.
The overall level of agricultural subsidies is low
Although China's annual agricultural subsidies amount to several hundred billion yuan (the Ministry of Finance announced data: 2016 Ministry of Finance, agriculture and forestry water expenditures of 1,844.2 billion yuan), but China's agricultural population is large, agriculture needs to build a large number of projects, the average score, it is very not enough. In 2016, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 12,363 yuan. It seems that even if the fiscal front of the expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water is realized, it can only account for a small part of the disposable income of farmers.
(Source: China Industry Information Network)
It can be seen that although China's financial support for agriculture has been growing in recent years, the total amount is obviously insufficient. Compared with other huge subsidies for agriculture sent to the state, China's support level is not high. According to the calculation of the WTO, China's total agricultural support accounts for about 10% of the total agricultural output value, while that of developed countries is about 30% to 50%. For example, in 2003-2012, China's annual average agricultural subsidy rate was 10.44%, indicating that 10.44% of China's total agricultural income comes from agricultural subsidy policy measures, and there is still a large gap compared with the European and American levels, while Japan's agricultural subsidy rate is even more It is as high as 52.48%.
The subsidy structure is unreasonable and the direction is not clear
There are many subsidy programs in China each year, and different subsidy policies will be issued according to different agricultural time. However, in general, there are still problems such as unreasonable structure and no fundamental point of subsidy.
In the area of ​​subsidies, mainly concentrated in grain and cotton products, neglecting the same important economic crops, failing to reflect the popularity and stability of agricultural production; while subsidizing products, although it involves production materials such as fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, but for farmers I did not really enjoy the benefits in this area. I did not enjoy the corresponding price reduction, nor received the corresponding subsidy funds. In the adjustment of the agricultural structure of the fire in recent years, I invested a lot of financial funds to support Structural adjustment, but only mentioned the subsidies and support before planting, and did not give more policy support for medium-term management, especially in the later stage of market sales. Therefore, the strength and effect of subsidies in structural adjustment are very limited. In particular, there is no clear indication of the increase in farmers’ income.