Guidance: Industrial wastewater commonly used treatment methods can be divided into four categories according to their role, namely, physical treatment, chemical treatment, physical and chemical methods and biological treatment methods, in addition, in order to effectively treat industrial wastewater also need to follow certain principles. Source: Guangdong Keyuan Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd.
A shell and tube heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that is commonly used for heating, cooling and condensing applications. lt consists of a shell with an internal bundle of tubes,which allows the hot and cold fluids to pass through the walls of the exchanger and exchange their energy. Shell and tube exchangers are classified in several ways, including design, operational construct, and construction materials. Mainly Fixed Tube Heat Exchanger, Floating Head Heat Exchanger, U-tube Heat Exchanger, and double tube heat exchanger.
The working principle of a shell and tube heat exchanger is relatively simple. The system is designed with two separate flows on either side of the heat exchanger. The primary flow of the hot fluid passes through the tubes, while the secondary flow of the cold fluid passes through the spaces between the tubes. Heat is then transferred from the hot side to the cold side via conduction, leading to an exchange of temperatures.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are normally used in process plants and used in a wide range of applications. A case in point is the cooling of condensates in refineries and nuclear power plants. In this application, condensate is heated using an external source and passed through the tube section of the heat exchanger. This condensate is then cooled and condensed as it passes through the shell side, where the heat is transferred to a cooling medium such as water, steam or oil.
Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger,Fixed Tube Sheet,Shell Tube Heat Exchanger,Split Ring Floating Head Heat Exchanger Guangdong Jiema Energy Saving Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.jmheatexchanger.com
1, commonly used industrial wastewater treatment methods
Industrial wastewater treatment methods can be divided into four categories according to their effects: physical treatment, chemical treatment, physical chemistry, and biological treatment.
(1) Physical treatment method, through physical action, to separate and recover insoluble contaminants (including oil film and oil beads) that are insoluble in waste water. Gravity separation, centrifugal separation, and filtration are commonly used.
(2) Chemical treatment method. A certain chemical substance is added to the sewage, and chemical reactions are used to separate and recover the pollutants in the sewage. Chemical precipitation, coagulation, neutralization, and redox (including electrolysis) are commonly used. ) Law and so on.
(3) Physical and chemical methods, which use physical chemistry to remove pollutants from wastewater, mainly include adsorption method, ion exchange method, membrane separation method, and extraction method.
(4) The biological treatment method, through the metabolism of microorganisms, converts the organic pollutants in solution, colloids, and micro-suspensions into stable and harmless substances in the wastewater, which can be divided into aerobic biological treatment methods and anaerobic biological methods. Treatment method.
2. Principles of industrial wastewater treatment
The effective treatment of industrial wastewater should follow the following principles:
1 The most fundamental thing is to reform the production process and eliminate as much as possible the production of toxic and hazardous waste water during the production process. Replace poisonous materials or products with non-toxic materials or products.
2 In the production process of using toxic raw materials and producing toxic intermediates and products, reasonable process procedures and equipment are used, and strict operations and supervision are implemented to eliminate leakage and minimize the amount of losses.
3 Wastewater containing highly toxic substances, such as wastewater containing some heavy metals, radioactive substances, high concentrations of phenols, cyanide, etc., should be separated from other waste water in order to facilitate the disposal and recovery of useful substances.
4 Some high-volume and light-polluting wastewater, such as cooling wastewater, should not be discharged into sewers so as not to increase the load on urban sewers and sewage treatment plants. This type of wastewater should be recycled after proper treatment in the factory.
5 The organic waste water with components and properties similar to urban sewage, such as papermaking wastewater, sugar wastewater, food processing wastewater, etc., can be discharged into the urban sewage system. Large-scale sewage treatment plants should be constructed, including easy-to-use processing facilities such as bio-oxidation ponds, sewage reservoirs, and land treatment systems that can be constructed according to local conditions. Compared with small-scale sewage treatment plants, large-scale sewage treatment plants can not only significantly reduce the cost of capital construction and operation, but also have stable water volume and water quality, and can easily maintain good operating conditions and treatment effects.
6 Some biodegradable toxic waste water, such as phenol and cyanogen wastewater, can be discharged into the urban sewers according to allowable discharge standards after treatment in the factory, and the sewage treatment plant can further conduct biological oxidative degradation treatment.
7 Wastewater containing toxic pollutants that are difficult to biodegrade should not be discharged into urban sewers and transported to sewage treatment plants, but should be treated separately.