Gold ore deposit sand is distributed in the bulk of the natural clastic sediments gold debris formed. Natural gold usually contains a mixture of silver , copper , iron , palladium and other metals. The weight fraction of 1000 parts of pure gold in natural gold is called the color of natural gold. The color of gold is from 990 to 800, between or lower. Most gold deposits have a color of 800 to 900. Although natural gold belongs to equiaxed crystal system, gold is usually in the form of irregular grains, flakes, rods and filaments. Its particle size varies from less than 0.01 mm to huge natural nuggets. The gold grain size of most gold deposits in China is 0.2-0.5 mm, and a few gold deposits with a deposit larger than 0.5 mm account for a large proportion. In recent years, Shaanxi, Hunan, Xinjiang, and Heilongjiang provinces have discovered large gold nuggets when mining gold. The hardness of gold is 2.5-3.0, which is malleable. The specific gravity of sand gold is 15.6~18.3, and the proportion of pure gold is 19.3. Gold is golden in shades of gold. A small amount of gold is brown due to the surface of the iron film and is weakly magnetic. Metals are precious metals and are mainly used as a means of currency reserves and trade payments. In addition to traditional industries such as decorations, ceramics, dental implants, and gold pens, the industrial use of gold has been applied in industries such as electronics, electrical, chemical fiber, and aerospace. Because sand gold mine has the advantages of short exploration period, fast mine construction and low investment, it is of great significance to find and explore more gold resources for China's socialist construction. Gold deposit type According to the formation conditions and the production conditions, the gold deposits can be divided into the following main genetic types and morphological types. Gold deposit type It can be divided into residual sand gold deposit, slope sand gold deposit, alluvial gold deposit, flood accumulation gold deposit, shore (sea and lake) sedimentary gold deposit, glacier sand gold deposit, ice water gold deposit and aeolian sand Gold mines, etc. 1. Residual sand gold ore: It is the product of physical weathering and chemical weathering of the rock gold deposit or mineralization zone - residue. Gold is not abraded, and some surfaces are covered with iron film, which is a common form of gold and gangue minerals. If the residual sand gold mine has a slight displacement, it will transition to the slope sand gold mine. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region produces more such transitional sand gold mines. 2. Slope sand gold deposit: Produced on the slope of the slope near the original ore source, the debris deposits that make up the gold deposit have been displaced from the source. The sand gold is slightly abraded, and the common gold and gangue minerals are connected. Such gold deposits are generally small in size and suitable for small-scale local mining. The front edge of the slope sand gold deposit often transitions to the flooded gold deposit. The western vegetable garden of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region produces such transitional gold deposits. 3. Hongji sand gold mine: produced in the accumulation of hydrocarbons formed by intermittent water flow. Due to the periodicity of the water flow, the gold and other detrital materials are poorly sorted and rounded, and often form a richer lens body and interlayer. 4. Alluvial gold deposit: formed in the valley, produced in the alluvial. The alluvial material has a high degree of roundness, good sorting and complex composition. The surface of the gold is smooth, and occasionally the remaining iron film can be seen on the concave surface, which is distributed in the lower part of the alluvial material near the top surface of the bedrock. This type of gold deposit is the main target of exploration and mining in China. 5. Coastal (sea and lake) sedimentary gold deposits: produced on the shores of the sea and lake. It is formed by the gold-bearing debris brought by the river or the origin of the original ore source on the shore. The roundness of the crumb material is good, the sorting is good, the gold is small, and it is often produced in the upper part of the clastic sediment. Debris deposits often form narrow strips of coastal sand dunes on parallel banks. There are gold deposits in Guangdong that are associated with useful minerals. Glacier gold deposits, ice water gold deposits and aeolian gold deposits have no typical examples in China. Gold deposit type The shape of the gold deposit is important for exploration methods, reserves calculations and even mining methods, and the morphology of the gold deposits is determined by the geomorphic parts it produces. According to the output conditions, it can be divided into: riverbed gold deposit, river floodplain gold deposit, terrace gold deposit, Zhigu sand gold deposit and karst filling gold deposit, and coastal gold deposit. 1. Riverbed gold deposit: It is produced by the gold deposits on riverbeds, sandbanks and shoals of modern rivers. Mainly coarse debris, less sand and clay , common boulders. There is often no muddy sand layer above the ore layer. The gold deposits produced in the riverbed are often concentrated near the bedrock. The sand gold in the sandbars and shoals is often concentrated in the upper part, and the gold particles are very small. In Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces, there are sand gold mines produced in riverbed parts; Hunan Miluo River has sand gold deposits produced in shoals and riverbeds. Heilongjiang also had a history of group mining sandstone gold deposits. Second, the floodplain gold mine: the gold deposit produced on the floodplain of the river belongs to it. The gold deposits in the alluvial deposits of the floodplain have thicker ore layers and silt layers. The upper mud sand layer is mainly gold-free clay and a small amount of coarse debris. The lower ore layer consists of gold-bearing sand, gravel, breccia, gravel and a small amount of sticking. The gravel is rounded and sorted well, the composition is complex, and the breccia and gravel components are single, the same as the bedrock. And distributed on the bedrock. The grain size of sand gold is generally large, and it changes regularly with the distance from the source of gold ore. Gold is often enriched in the gravel and gravel layers on the top of the bedrock. The gold-bearing layer on the terrace of the first-class super-river floodplain buried by the modern floodplain gold deposit is often richer than the floodplain gold deposit. Such gold deposits are the most widely distributed and are often large and medium-sized deposits. Heilongjiang, Jilin and other provinces mainly mine such gold deposits, and there are also such deposits in Hengkou, Shaanxi and Baishui, Sichuan. Third, the terrace gold deposit: the sand gold mine produced on the slope terrace of the river valley belongs to it. The genetic types are often complicated, but most of them are the remaining parts of the early floodplain gold deposits that were eroded and destroyed. Deposits of this type that are currently known are generally small in scale. There are such gold deposits in Girardin, Inner Mongolia. 4. Zhigu gold deposit: It is produced in the valleys of fine valleys, fine streams and intermittent water flows, and the gully slopes of the sheet flow and the gold deposits on the top of the ditch. As a result, there can be residuals, slopes, floods, alluvials, and the types of transitions between them. Generally, there is no obvious boundary between the muddy sand layer and the ore sand layer, and there are many clays in the gold-bearing layer, and the distribution of gold is uneven, and large gold is common. Because it is generally buried shallow, high grade and low water content, it was the main target of mining gold. Some major river floodplain gold deposits in Heilongjiang Province have such gold deposits, and are the famous gold deposits in history, such as the Qizhigou Erzhigou, Huma Xinglong Hougou, Mohe Xiaobeigou, Huanan cold. Worm ditch and so on. While evaluating the floodplain gold deposit in the floodplain, the relevant Zhigu sand gold mine should also be evaluated. 5. Karst-filled gold deposits: produced in karst funnels and caves, and all gold deposits in which the base is karst. This kind of gold deposit can be the cause of alluvial deposits, or it can be caused by flooding. The Baizhuping gold deposit in Longhui, Hunan Province, is produced in a karst funnel. The Longhuiyankou gold deposit is produced in the flood deposits in the cave. The thickness of the deposits is not equal, the sorting is not good, the roundness is poor, and the gold is rich in the lower part. The Guangdong Jinzhuang gold deposit is a karst alluvial gold deposit. Sichuan Mengla gold deposit is a karst-bearing gold deposit in the basement. However, it is also considered to be an ice-water mineral gold deposit. In the past, the mining areas and tailings piles that were manually mined, called the old mining areas, were mined by modern gold mining techniques, and most of them still have industrial significance. Some of the gold ore bodies explored in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province in recent years contain some old mining areas of a certain area. Therefore, when evaluating the gold deposits, the old mining areas should be evaluated. In addition, the Niuqinggou ancient sand gold deposit in the Jinpensha gold deposit, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is produced in the Mesozoic gravel layer at an altitude of 1900 meters. The Jilin Chunchun sand gold mining area has an ancient sand gold deposit distributed in the Tertiary of the high-order ground. . They may be related to the ancient hydrological network in the uplift area. The Tertiary semi-adhesive gold-bearing glutenite in the floodplain gold deposit of Hengkang, Ankang, Shaanxi, and the Tertiary gold-bearing gravel under the Banfang basalt in Huanan, Heilongjiang Province may be related to the buried ancient hydrological network in the subsidence area. Such ancient gold deposits are not included in the above classification. Sand gold deposit mining method It is divided into open air and underground mining. First, open-pit mining: (1) Full mining: Including the ore layer, the upper limit of the surface is the total loose deposit of the gold-bearing part that can be regarded as the mining target, which is called mixed sand. At present, comprehensive mining is mainly carried out by gold mining and water gun mining. 1. Mining of gold mining vessels: Gold mining vessels are mining and selecting combined mechanical equipment floating on the water. It is one of the most advanced methods for mining gold gold. It is suitable for mining floodplains and shores with low grade and large reserves. Shore sand gold mine. The mining technical conditions for gold mining vessels are shown in Appendix 1. 2. Water gun mining: The high-pressure water jet sprayed by the water gun is used to flush the mining sand, and then transported to the beneficiation system with a sand pump. The minimum width of the mining face is 20 meters. The minimum ore content is between 5 and 1.5 million cubic meters, and the water consumption per cubic meter of ore is generally 15 to 22 cubic meters. The water gun mining is suitable for the slope of the ore body floor, the debris material is easy to be washed, and the section height of the stope is not more than 20 meters, or the gold deposit in the terrace. (2) Mining separately: The mining sand layer is opened after the mud layer is peeled off. It is suitable for mining deposits with clear boundaries of sand and ore layers and suitable for stripping mining. Second, underground mining: It is suitable for mining deposits with high grade and deep burial deposits that are not suitable for open pit mining. The height of the mining frame is 1.3 to 1.5 meters from the surface of the bedrock. If the thickness of the ore layer is less than the height of the mining frame, it can be measured by the value of the meter. Steel Bar Reducing Diameter Machine
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