Huang Kaiguo

In the early 1960s, when Professor Hu Weibai taught the course of "Flotation", he pointed out that the clever use of sodium sulfide is an art of flotation. In the early 1980s, when the author studied the flotation of copper- sulphur ore without collectors, it was found that when Na 2 S was not used, the copper sulfide ore could be floated without collector; when an appropriate amount of Na 2 S was added, the iron sulfide could float without collectors. Selectively, copper sulfide and sulfur continuous organisms also rise at the same time, which improves the recovery rate of copper. Light Li Bo et al noted that further study: pyrite, arsenopyrite inducible collectorless flotation by Na 2 S; galena, chalcopyrite can be self-induced free flotation collector. In the early 1990s, we used Na 2 S to break the floating order of the traditional vulcanized Mo→Bi→S mine. Under the action of Na 2 S, S and Mo are simultaneously floated, and Bi is suppressed. Then, S is inhibited by Na 2 S to carry out Mo/S separation, and the inhibited Bi is activated and then floated with a collector. With only 8 flotation operations, the final final concentrates of Mo, Bi and S can be obtained, and the process and prescription are simple.

1. The role of Na 2 S in the flotation of copper-sulfur ore without collector

Yoon [1] believed that the strong reducing agent Na 2 S could achieve the flotation of copper sulfide ore without collector, and the excess would not inhibit the chalcopyrite. However, it was found in our experimental study [2, 3, 4] (as shown in Figure 1) that copper sulfide ore-free collector flotation does not have to be treated with Na 2 S. When Na 2 S is not used, copper sulfide ore (containing 1.88% Cu) without collector flotation can also obtain better selection index: copper concentrate grade Cu 21.1%, recovery rate 95%, sorting efficiency E up to 89.5 %; adding appropriate amount (200 ~ 1000g / t) Na 2 S, copper recovery rate increased slightly, but the copper concentrate grade decreased, the sorting efficiency also decreased; when the amount of Na 2 S was 1800g / t, copper recovery and Sorting efficiency is very low. The distribution rate of S ( pyrite ) in copper concentrate is: the lowest when Na 2 S is not used, and the distribution rate increases with the increase of sodium sulfide content; when Na 2 S is used, the amount of Na 2 S increases, the slurry The redox potential is lowered. When the air is floated, the potential rises immediately above +345mv. This potential is suitable for the flotation of copper sulfide ore without collector. Only when the amount of Na 2 S is increased to above 1800 g/t can the low potential be maintained during aerated flotation, which is not suitable for flotation of copper sulfide ore without collector.

It can be seen that Na 2 S can induce pyrite-free collector flotation, while chalcopyrite-free collector flotation does not require Na 2 S induction, that is, chalcopyrite can self-induced flotation without collector. In the copper and sulfur ore flotation, Na 2 S can be used to carry out preferential flotation of copper sulfide ore without collector; adding appropriate amount of Na 2 S can carry out mixed flotation of copper and sulfur without collector. Further research on the flotation behavior of some collectors in sulfide ore [5] shows that galena and chalcopyrite can self-induced flotation without collector under potential control conditions; pyrite and arsenic pyrite need No collector flotation was induced with sodium sulfide under potentiometric conditions.

2. Na 2 S induced pyrite-free collector flotation

No collector flotation was performed on a pyrite ore using only Na 2 S and butyl ether alcohol foaming agents, and the results were comparable to those of butyl xanthate and butyl ether alcohol with collector flotation. . When the ore contains 12.64% sulfur, the coarse selection index of the two comparative exploration tests is shown in Table 1.

It is clear that Na 2 S-induced pyrite-free collector flotation can be obtained as an indicator comparable to collector flotation.

Table 1 Pyrites with or without collector flotation coarse selection index, %

Conditional comparison

Crude concentrate yield

Sulfur grade

Recovery rate

There is a collector: Dinghuang + butyl ether alcohol

34.50

32.18

86.06

No collector: sodium sulfide + butyl ether alcohol

34.64

31.55

86.45

3. Flotation of Mo, Bi, S, sulfide ore with Na 2 S

In a multi-metallic molybdenum, bismuth, sulfur flotation of sulfide ores Experimental study, we Using Na 2 S, breaking the traditional vulcanization Mo → Bi → S floatability order. Under the action of Na 2 S, S (pyrite) is floated together with Mo (plutonite) without a collector, while Bi (brite ore) is inhibited. The obtained Mo+S mixed concentrate was used to suppress S with Na 2 S to carry out Mo/S separation. The Bi which has been inhibited is activated and then floated with a collector. The laboratory closed-circuit test process is shown in Figure 2, and the test results are listed in Figure 2.

Seen from Figure 2, in the induction of sodium sulfide, without collector, only the kerosene is added and foaming agents can be sulfur and molybdenum can float with 86.39% S and 89.69% of Mo into the mixing molybdenum sulfur Concentrate, while 95.32% of Bi is inhibited into the helium flotation system. In a floatable system such as sulfur molybdenum, sodium sulfide simultaneously acts to induce sulfur and inhibit bismuth.

In the case of sulfurized Mo/S separation flotation, it relies on sodium sulfide and zinc sulfate to inhibit sulfur and flotation molybdenum. Separation results: 99.08% Mo grade, 83.38% recovery molybdenum concentrate and S grade 37.32%, recovery The rate of 76.31% of the sulfur concentrate, the two concentrates are very low, showing the third role of sodium sulfide.

In the sulphide sulphide flotation system, the sputum is inhibited by sulfuric acid or oxidizing agent, and the inhibited strontium is activated, and the bismuth concentrate is obtained by the xanthate, and the bismuth concentrate with a Bi grade of 51.07% and a recovery rate of 73.20% is obtained.

The flotation process conditions and process structure are very simple. The whole process is only 8 flotation operations, and the final concentrates of molybdenum sulfide, antimony and sulfur can be obtained. The number of operations is higher than the current process (24 to 26 flotation operations). The reduction of 2/3 also avoids the current process (é“‹Bi grade 5%, recovery rate 5%), the obtained antimony concentrate grade (51.07%), recovery rate (73.20%) are more than the current process The quality of the oyster concentrate (grade 35.86%, recovery rate 63.4%) was significantly improved, and the production of a qualified sulfur concentrate was also increased.

Fourth, the conclusion

(1) Copper sulfide and sulfur ore flotation, without the use of Na 2 S, the copper sulfide ore can be preferentially floated without collector; adding appropriate amount of Na 2 S can carry out mixed flotation of copper and sulfur without collector.

(2) With the induction of Na 2 S, pyrite-free collector flotation can be carried out.

(3) In the flotation of molybdenum sulfide, antimony and sulfur ore, the ingenious use of Na 2 S breaks the conventional vulcanization Mo→Bi→S floatability sequence. Under the action of Na 2 S, without the collector, S can float together with MO, and Bi is inhibited. The obtained Mo+S mixed concentrate is further inhibited by a large amount of Na 2 S for Mo/S separation. Get Mo concentrate and S concentrate. The inhibited Bi is activated by sulfuric acid or an oxidizing agent, and then floated with a xanthate collector to obtain a Bi concentrate. The process conditions, pharmaceutical system and process structure are very simple. Only three flotation operations are used to obtain three high-quality final concentrates of Mo, Bi and S, compared with the traditional Mo→Bi→S flotation process. The number of jobs was reduced by 2/3, and the quality of the three products was significantly improved.

references

[1] RHYoon, Int.J. Miner. Process., 1981, 8:31-48

[2] Huang Kai Wang Dianzuo, research on non-collector flotation of copper sulfide ore, national “Today's Mineral Processing ” Academic Conference, 1986.4; The First National Mineral Processing Symposium, 1986.11.

[3] Huang Kai Wang Dianzuo, copper sulfide ore without collector flotation small closed circuit test, non-ferrous metal (mineralization), 1987. No2

[4] Huang Kaiguo, Wang Dianzuo, Collectorless Flotation of Copper Sulphide Ores, The Symposium of Extractive Metallurgy and Material Science, Sept. 21-24, 1987, P 128-39: Journal of Central-South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Aug .1988, Vol. 19, No. 4, P. 379-387.

[5] Sun Shuiyu et al., Flotation of non-collectors in sulfide ore, Journal of Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1990, No. 5, 8473-477.

The English version of this article was published in collaboration with Dr. Ling Jinghong at the International Conference on Toronto, Canada.

The Conference of Metallurgists COM 2001, Toronto Canada, Aug. 26-29, P.217-224 ☺

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