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At the beginning of August, the first liquefied natural gas (LNG) hybrid fuel ship of our domestic river began trials in Wuhan. Ships using this kind of clean energy will effectively protect the water environment and solve the serious problem of current ship tail gas pollution. With the increase of fuel costs and the increase of emission reduction calls, the low-carbon emission reduction heat is gradually “burning†to the ship market, and whether China's fleet can seize the golden development period, break through the water-saving and emission reduction from the inland river, and become the future. One of the hot spots, supporting facilities and other projects will also create many business opportunities.
Gas-fired power vessels are the trend of the times
The French classification society has pointed out that "natural gas power propulsion system will become one of the main contributors to green shipping in the future." Bernard.Anne, general manager of the ship's shipping department, said, "The use of natural gas for ship power has many advantages such as reducing pollution emissions. The natural gas supply is abundant and has a price advantage over low-sulfur fuels. We are already studying the possibility of retrofitting existing vessels."
Since 2010, all ships calling at EU ports have a fuel sulphur content that does not exceed the maximum limit of 0.1%. A shipowner told reporters that at present most of China's ships are to be parked in EU ports, generally in two ways: one is to close the engine in advance; the other is to add low-sulfur fuel in nearby ports.
"But this is not a long-term solution, and if you change the oil without modification, it will also reduce the service life of the ship, there is a certain risk." The shipowner said.
Both shipowners and shipyards must find ways to reduce emissions. “Technical solutions for installing gas-fueled engines on various types of ships have begun to be tried and show good selectivity with liquid fuels,†says Anne.
Remi.Eriksen, executive vice president of DNV (Norwegian Classification Society), also publicly stated: "The global shipping industry has the potential to achieve 30% reduction by 2030. The most effective measure is to use LNG as fuel."
In the mixed fuel ship trialed in Wuhan, LNG is the main power source. The ratio of diesel to diesel is 7:3. The tank is fixed on the deck of the ship and closed. All control points have sensors that can cut off the origin automatically or manually. High security. The calculations show that the ship can save fuel costs by nearly 25% after using LNG.
Fang Jiahan, general manager of Hubei Xilan Natural Gas Company, said that LNG for ship fuel can completely replace fuel and provide power for ships. It can not only achieve zero emissions, but also greatly reduce emissions, and will greatly reduce water pollution. Protect water resources.
“LNG is a cryogenic liquid that will naturally vaporize quickly even in the event of a leak. Its density is lighter than air. It will automatically overflow upward after a leak, and will not pollute the water body. After adding a special odorant, the natural gas leaks. It can be discovered in time; the burning point of natural gas is higher than that of gasoline and diesel. The instantaneous ignition is slower than oil, easy to spread, and it is not easy to reach the explosion limit. From the perspective of safety in use, natural gas is much better than fuel." Fang Jiahan said.
Promote it, "Thunder and rain are small"
As a clean energy source, the application of LNG can reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, and LNG does not contain sulfur and residues, and also eliminates the emission of other harmful substances such as sulfides and tiny particles.
Economically speaking, Fang Jiahan introduced that 1 cubic meter of LNG gas is estimated to be approximately 1 to 1.1 liters (steam, diesel) oil. At present, the average price of diesel is 6 yuan / liter, natural gas is calculated according to 4.5 yuan / cubic meter, if calculated according to the replacement rate of 70%, the annual savings of about 192,300 yuan. The conversion cost of marine LNG equipment is about 50,000 yuan/set, and the marine storage tank and vaporizer is about 130,000 yuan/set, totaling 180,000 yuan/set, and the conversion cost can be recovered in 12 months.
However, this kind of environmentally friendly new material is currently hindered in the promotion. Since the middle of last year, many inland ship manufacturers have cooperated with the government to express the “oil-to-gas†project for inland ships, but for the time being, there are still “thunders and heavy rainsâ€. Remi pointed out that the lack of rebuilding existing fleets and LNG storage infrastructure is currently a major problem.
The first is because the LNG fuel ship's endurance is still weak. At present, ships with LNG fuel have the highest endurance capacity and cannot meet the long-distance transportation requirements of the ocean. Although the fuel tank volume of the ship is large, it can be placed randomly on the ship. The LNG storage tank is small in size, but the system is complicated and the layout is difficult. The installation of the cylindrical LNG storage tank will also lose part of the transportation space. Design and renovation have brought great difficulty.
The second is because most of the port LNG supply facilities are not matched. Although LNG replenishment is not difficult, the port has not established a complete and practical supporting system.
China can take the lead in gas fuel power ships from the inland river
However, due to the increasingly stringent emission requirements for ships in the region, Nordic countries such as Denmark and Norway have begun to use LNG-fueled ferries, ro-ro ships, coast guard ships, LNG ships and platform supply vessels. This shows that as the global demand for gas emissions is getting higher and higher, petroleum resources are becoming less and less, and energy-saving calls are getting louder and louder, obstacles in ship owners and ports are gradually being eliminated.
Therefore, the industry believes that on the one hand, we should intensify innovation in ship design and construction, add low-carbon concepts in mainstream ship type optimization and new ship type development, and promote the transformation of inland ships to green environmental protection. For example, when designing a new ship, consider the arrangement of the gas supply system and the design of the gas fuel engine to enhance the ship's endurance.
Li Gang, deputy secretary general of the Shanghai International Shipping Research Center, said that the global shipping industry is twice as likely to emit greenhouse gases as the aviation industry. It is also predicted that by 2020, the global shipping industry will need 400 million tons of fuel. At present, the shipping industry emits more than 1.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year, accounting for 6% of the world's total emissions.
The International Maritime Organization has created an energy efficiency design index that may face the risk of exiting operations if it does not meet the emissions standards. "It should focus on strengthening the basic common technology and green and safety technology research supporting ship type development." Li Gang said.
On the other hand, domestic ship manufacturers should also actively participate in the construction of high-tech ships that use LNG as fuel, and use the market to force their own technology upgrades to seize the opportunities of gas-fueled power ships.
Li Gang believes that it is possible to study the establishment of energy-saving emission reduction systems and standards for inland waterways based on the characteristics of inland water transport, and to promote inland waterway transport enterprises to formulate energy efficiency management plans to promote the transition of inland navigation to “greenâ€.
In addition, the construction of the water refueling station should be increased. Fang Jiahan said that in the future, the company will establish water refueling stations and gas storage stations in ports and cities in the Yangtze River Basin, so that ships around the country can use liquefied natural gas as power energy, and finally achieve complete replacement of fuel and become a fuel.
It is understood that after more than one month of trials, Wuhan will use LNG on more ships based on data optimization equipment. The city has planned to build six water refueling stations during the year to support LNG fuel.