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In the past few years, the temptation of policy and future growth potential, coupled with the low barriers to entry, the various funds have piled up the LED lighting industry, resulting in downstream vicious competition, corporate profits have fallen sharply, and there has been a collapse. As of the end of 2011, there were more than 80 LED lighting companies in Shenzhen, and most of the more than 2,000 LED companies in the city belonged to the low-end areas of packaging and applications, and semiconductor materials critical to product production. The production of phosphors is not even a family.
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The panic and confusion of LED lighting can be the current mentality of LED lighting companies. According to media reports, Shenzhen Vision Light Electronics Co., Ltd. caused the company to close down due to the problem of capital chain, and the majority shareholder Ji Yi was passed away. At present, in addition to the salary of more than 400 employees, Vision Optoelectronics has a project owed more than 380,000 yuan, and the bank's arrears may reach tens of millions of yuan.
This is certainly not the last one, and there will be more LED lighting companies facing bankruptcy in the future. A market developer who had worked for Vision Optoelectronics told China Business Daily. In fact, there were more than one LED business owner running in Shenzhen last year.
The Vision Light Electronics boss’s running event is not a case, it reflects the industry’s downturn. As of the end of 2011, there were more than 80 LED lighting companies in Shenzhen, and Foshan, which is in the same province as Guangdong. In 2011, nearly 10% of LED lighting companies closed down. Following Shenzhen and Foshan, LED lighting companies in Dongguan and Zhongshan are also in deep trouble.
The increasing number of inventories disclosed by listed companies also shows the plight of the industry. According to the published annual report of listed companies in 2011, Lehman Optoelectronics, Sanan Optoelectronics, Qinshang Optoelectronics, and Ganzhao Optoelectronics inventories were 100 million yuan, 918 million yuan, 164 million yuan and 127 million yuan, respectively, an increase of 73.31. 195.88, 61.58 and 219.16.
Since the middle of last year, the company's LED inventory has been rising. By the end of the year, the company is really unable to hold it. It can only give workers a holiday, wait for the market to pick up and start work again, and it has not started yet. A person who worked in an LED company in Zhongshan told the China Business Daily reporter.
A lighting owner who is unwilling to disclose his identity told the China Business Daily that many companies are actually relying on export tax rebates to maintain their operations. However, the export market has also seen a decline.
Relevant data shows that since the second half of last year, domestic LED lighting exports to Europe and the United States have dropped by about 40%. The company's statement further confirms the authenticity of the above data.
Since the beginning of this year, our export orders have fallen by 10 to 20% year-on-year. At the same time, our company plans to export sales of 100 million yuan this year, which is down compared with last year. A person from Guangdong Zhaoxin Lighting Co., Ltd. told the China Business Daily reporter. Cai Yahui, chairman of Shenzhen Baochengxin Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. also said that their company's exports in the European and American markets, including the Americas and Europe, fell by 20% at the end of last year, and nearly 30% at the beginning of this year.
The reduction in orders directly led to a decline in operating income of many companies. According to the statistics of Guangdong Guangya Lighting Research Institute, the 2011 annual performance report released by 12 lighting companies listed from last year to the first quarter of this year shows that only Qinshang Optoelectronics and Lianjian Optoelectronics have maintained a small increase in growth rate. The growth rate of 10 companies has declined to varying degrees. Among them, in the year of 2010, the operating income maintained a growth rate of 234, and the growth rate of operating income in 2011 was only 57.
Low-level blind investment At this stage, China's LED lighting products, the main market is still concentrated in developed markets in Europe and America, especially in the European market. The economic downturn in Europe and the United States and the obstruction of LED exports have made the entire industry more difficult. As the leader of the national LED industry, Guangdong is also suffering from the impact. Wang Dianxi, honorary president of Shenzhen Semiconductor Lighting Industry Development Association, told China Business Daily.
The economic downturn in Europe and the United States is indeed an important reason for the dilemma of the LED lighting industry, but in fact, the blindness of various funds is the root cause of LEDs in trouble. The enthusiasm of capital for LEDs is largely due to the increasing support of the state and local governments for the industry.
In 2009, the National Development and Reform Commission and other six departments jointly announced the "Semiconductor Lighting Energy-Saving Industry Development Opinion"; in the same year, the Ministry of Science and Technology launched the Ten City Wanhao Semiconductor Lighting Application Demonstration City Program; May 2011, Beijing, Changzhou, Hefei, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Haikou 16 cities including Baoji were confirmed as the second batch of ten cities and ten thousand demonstration cities; in November, the National Development and Reform Commission released the roadmap for eliminating incandescent lamps; on February 24, 2012, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "12th Five-Year Development Plan for Integrated Circuit Industry".
The National Development and Reform Commission has clearly stated that in 2012, the Chinese government will spend 40 billion yuan on LED street lamp purchases and 30 financial subsidies for LED street lamp users.
The local government has also poured great enthusiasm on the LED industry, and implemented substantial preferential policies for the LED industry in many aspects such as land, taxation, technology development, talent introduction, and equipment purchase. Taking Guangdong as an example, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the entire strategic emerging industry invested a total of 10 billion yuan, which is 2 billion yuan per year. In the first year of the 12th Five-Year Plan, it invested 4.5 billion yuan to support the LED industry, fully demonstrating Guangdong’s The importance of the LED industry. Guangdong Province also said that from March 1 this year, all the financial projects and new planning development areas invested by Guangdong Province will use LED in the public lighting field.
Stimulated by favorable policies, the industry has also generated tremendous growth potential. The National Development and Reform Commission pointed out that during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the LED industry is expected to achieve the goal of quadrupling. By the end of 2015, China's LED lighting penetration rate reached 20. While the industry is generally estimated to be more optimistic, it is expected that by 2015, China's outdoor LED lighting penetration rate of 60 to 80, indoor commercial LED lighting penetration rate of 25 to 30, indoor home LED lighting penetration rate of about 5 to 10, the overall penetration of LED lighting in the Chinese market will reach or even exceed 20, the LED lighting market's rapid growth It is estimated that it will continue from 2012 to 2015.
The temptation of favorable policies and huge growth potential in the future, coupled with the low barriers to entry in the LED lighting industry, many small-scale, small workshop companies can also easily enter, so there has been a wave of LED lighting in various channels. .
Because of the huge potential of the LED lighting industry, lighting, optoelectronic products, 3C, hardware, are crowded into the LED industry, thinking that this is a profit blue ocean. Even real estate manufacturers have come to ask me, is LED making money? Wang Junhua, deputy general manager of Guangdong Juke Lighting Co., Ltd. told China Business Daily.
However, the LED lighting industry is a technology- and capital-intensive industry, and funding alone is not enough. In stark contrast to the overheated investment in downstream LED lighting, LED lighting products are too cold upstream.
It is understood that at present, there are more than 2,000 companies engaged in research, development, production and application of LED technology and products in Shenzhen, most of which belong to the technical field of LED packaging and application. There are 97 high-tech enterprises engaged in LED, accounting for only 3.5 of the 2,835 high-tech enterprises in Shenzhen. Among the related enterprises in Shenzhen, there is only one chip production, and the semiconductor materials and phosphors that are vital to the production of the products are more There is no one.
The upstream enterprises account for 70% of the profits in the industrial chain, and the middle and lower reaches together account for the remaining 30 profits. Qiu Huanguo, senior manager of Qinshang Optoelectronics International Business Department, told China Business Daily. LED chip is the core material of LED lighting. At present, most of China's LED lighting products are mainly imported from the United States, Japan, Taiwan and other places, while Chinese companies are mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of packaging and application fields. The profit stays in the upstream of the product, while the low-end industry in the domestic industry is not profitable. In addition, if the investment is overheated, the price war will be inevitable.
Some companies that only want to make a fortune enter the industry, but they just speculate on the concept of energy saving, but they can't really save energy. Faced with the fierce competition in the market and the pressure from rising raw material costs, these companies are willing to sacrifice quality. According to the spot check report of Guangdong Quality Supervision Bureau, in 2010, the qualified rate of LED lighting products in Guangdong Province was only 47. Although this figure increased by 26 percentage points in 2011, it only had a pass rate of 73.2.73.2. The ratio is still low. Zhang Yanfei, deputy director of the Guangdong Provincial Quality Supervision Bureau pointed out.
Nowadays, the domestic LED lighting field is basically in a chaotic state of disorderly competition, and it is intensifying. Wu Changjiang, chairman of Shenzhen NVC Lighting Co., Ltd. told reporters.
Technology is a breakthrough Many people think that LED production capacity is excessive, but Wang Dianzhen, honorary president of Shenzhen Semiconductor Lighting Industry Development Promotion Association, does not think so.
At this stage, it is far from talking about the overcapacity of the LED lighting industry. In the early days of any emerging industry development, there will be a lot of investment. In the past, there were 250 to 300 companies in China that produced TV sets, and now there are only six. The hands of the market will play a role. Wang Dianzhen told the China Business Daily reporter.
Wang Dianzhen believes that the prospects of the LED industry are obvious to all. It is impossible to use short-term market performance to judge whether there is excess capacity. There is indeed some inconsistency in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the LED industry in Guangdong Province and even the whole country. However, from the perspective of overall demand, there is no excess capacity. Compared with the worry about overcapacity, it is more important to pay attention to the improvement of the quality of the LED industry and the improvement of independent innovation capabilities, and how to significantly reduce costs. Without reliable quality, no independent intellectual property rights, and no cost reduction, it is difficult for the LED lighting industry to achieve breakthroughs.
It is understood that more than half of the technology and patents in the global LED field are occupied by a few large companies in developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Germany. Japan's Nichia, Japan's Toyota Synthetic, American Cree, Europe's Philips, Europe's Osram and others have applied for a number of patents to maintain their competitive advantage and maintain their market share, covering almost the entire industrial chain including raw materials, equipment, packaging and applications. .
Obviously, the monopoly of industry giant technology patents has hindered the development of Chinese LED companies. According to the "12th Five-Year Development Plan for Integrated Circuit Industry" (hereinafter referred to as "Planning"), in 2010, China's high-end general-purpose chip imports of integrated circuits were 157 billion US dollars, the first major import goods for 7 consecutive years. Therefore, the "Planning" proposes: Focusing on the national strategy and key machine requirements, guiding and supporting relying on the superior units, focusing on the development of common key technologies.
LED is an emerging high-tech industry. Government support and enterprise money can't solve all problems. The lack of core technical personnel has become a bottleneck for the development of all enterprises. Only technology is the first step. Zhang Xiaokang, deputy general manager of the Basic Electronics Industry Research Center, also told the China Business Daily reporter. At present, the LED industry faces the situation of lack of experienced core technicians in the upstream, and the technicians in this area have been trained for more than three years. In the past one or two years, dig up enough competent technicians and experienced front-line operators will be one of the key factors for the company to survive to the next high-speed growth period.
In fact, LED companies are also realizing the importance of technology. Many companies go to the United States, Russia and other countries to learn. At present, domestic technology and patented LED companies have also applied for patents.
For the problem of breaking the LED industry, the person in charge of Qinshang Optoelectronics believes that industry standards should be established to regulate. Up to now, LED has experienced 20 years of development in China, but there is still no national standard recognized by the industry. The lack of standards has caused the bad light in the LED lighting market to drive out the good money. Because low-end products can easily get the project through low prices, the companies that do high-end LED lighting products will suffer, which is very unfavorable for the development of an industry. of.
To set standards and be a high starting point, the overall level of the industry is raised. The person in charge of Qinshang Optoelectronics said.