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In countries where industry is more developed, importance is attached to standardization because it brings quality, efficiency, and efficiency to industry. Molds are specialized forming tools. Although they are highly personalized, they are also industrial products. Therefore, standardization is very important. The mold standardization work mainly includes the formulation and implementation of mold technical standards, the production and application of mold standard parts, and the promotion, implementation and promotion of relevant standards. China's mold standardization work started relatively late, combined with small efforts in propaganda, implementation, and promotion. Therefore, mold standardization lags behind production, and it lags behind many industrially advanced countries in the world. Foreign mold developed countries, such as Japan, the United States, Germany, etc., mold standardization work has been nearly 100 years of history, mold standard formulation, mold standard parts production and supply, has formed a complete system. The Chinese mold standardization work only started in 1983 after the National Standardization Technical Committee for Molds was established. At present, there are about 20,000 mold production units in China, and the mold production has been greatly developed. However, compared with the requirements of industrial production, it is still unacceptable. One important reason is that the level and level of mold standardization is not high.
China's mold standardization system includes four major categories of standards, namely: mold base standards, mold process quality standards, mold parts standards, and mold production-related technical standards. Die standards can be divided according to the main classification of die stamping die standards, plastic injection die standards, die casting die standards, forging die standards, fasteners cold die standards, drawing die standards, cold extrusion die standards, rubber die standards, glass products Die and car die standards and other top ten categories. At present, China has more than 50 standard molds, more than 300 standard numbers, and 14 general-purpose devices and 244 varieties for automotive die parts, with a total of 363 standards. The formulation and promotion of these standards have improved the standardization and level of Chinese molds.
With the increase of international contacts, the development of imported molds, and the development of international standard requirements for foreign-funded enterprises, the standard-setting aspect has been concerned with the adoption of international standards or advanced foreign national standards, including the adoption of advanced technologies. The company's standards; On the other hand, many mold standard parts production enterprises according to market needs, in addition to the production of standard mold parts according to Chinese standards, but also in accordance with the standards of foreign advanced companies to produce mold standard parts. For example, the standards of companies such as Fuertoba in Japan, DME in the United States, and Haskau in Germany have become popular in China.
The concept of “standardization degree of molds†often mentioned in the mold industry is rather complicated, which is different from the “standardization degree†commonly used in the machinery industry. The latter can generally be measured by the adoption rate of standard parts, while the former is often referred to as the "use coverage of mold standard parts." Due to the late start of Chinese mold standardization work, the production, sales, promotion, and application of mold standard parts are also lagging behind. Therefore, there are problems such as the lack of specification of mold standard parts, untimely supply, poor compatibility, etc., and thus the use of mold standard parts. Coverage has been low. Although in recent years, the proportion of foreign-funded enterprises has been greatly increased, it is still low overall. According to preliminary estimates, the current ratio is roughly between 40% and 45%. In the international community, it is generally over 70%, among which the medium and small molds are over 80%. Due to the nature of China's mold companies and the different regions in which they are located, there is a large difference in the coverage of mold standard parts. The foreign-funded enterprises are higher than other enterprises, and the enterprises in the south are higher than those in the north. This is the most obvious in Guangdong. Guangdong has concentrated a large number of foreign-funded enterprises. They have driven the transformation of other corporate concepts and the development of the market. As a result, the coverage rate of mold standard parts used in Guangdong's mold enterprises is much higher than that of mold enterprises in other regions. The implementation of mold standards, the use of standard mold parts, not only can effectively improve the mold quality, but also can reduce mold production costs and greatly shorten the mold production cycle. Relevant statistical data show that the use of standard mold parts can save the company's mold processing time 25% -45%, can shorten the mold production cycle 30% -40%. With the development of many varieties, small batches, individuation, and rapid cycle production of industrial products, in order to improve the rapid adaptability and competitiveness in the market economy, the importance of mold standardization is even greater in today's increasingly important mold production cycle. major.
China mold standard parts production and demand profile
Due to the late start of Chinese mold standardization work, slow progress, and the influence of old concepts such as “large and completeâ€, “small and completeâ€, and “self-produced and self-provisioned†in the past, Chinese mold standard parts have long been varieties. The specifications are small, the production scale is small, and the circulation is not smooth. Even the current production of more molds, guides, putter push tubes, elastic components, etc., is also more mid-range products, less high-end products. Some high-grade mold standard parts produced by foreign-funded enterprises will affect their promotion and application due to their high price.
Mold standard parts are suitable for socialized large-scale professional production, but China has long been scattered, chaotic and poor. The so-called "dispersion" is mainly due to the excessive number of production sites of mold standard parts, and it is rarely able to form economic batches. The so-called “chaos†is mainly due to the chaos of the standard. Enterprises often have to produce according to national standards, standards and past several standards and certain corporate standards, and they must comply with foreign standards such as Japan, Germany, the United States, Switzerland, and certain foreign countries. The standard production of a company. At the same time, the market for mold standard parts is also chaotic, and disorderly competition has caused many adverse consequences. The so-called "bad" is the poor quality of mold standard parts and the poor efficiency of enterprises. In recent years, with the intervention of foreign companies, although this situation has improved, it has not yet fundamentally changed. There is still a big gap between production and demand. Some companies do not work hard on quality and level, but only make a fuss about the price, resulting in excessive price cuts that result in cutting corners, mischiefs, and declining quality. As a result, many companies have reduced the overall profitability of mold standard parts, and some companies have even lost money. the edge of.
The sales process plays an important role in the market for standard mould parts. At present, although there are nearly 100 sales outlets in the country, most of them are small in scale, have little inventory, and have small sales. Even if they are more than 50 business units in the joint sales network of mold standard parts of China Die & Mould Industry Association Standards Committee, The same problem exists. Individual units plan to launch online sales and e-commerce, but this work will start soon and it will take time to form scale.
Now we use the standard mold products such as the cold stamp die holder, injection mold holder and push rod push tube with the largest coverage and the most extensive coverage as an example to conduct a preliminary analysis of the production and demand conditions.
Cold die rack
Cold die rack is one of the most widely used mold standard parts, and its use coverage is about 80%. Cold die holders can be divided into two categories: cast iron formworks and steel plate formworks. They can be divided into two types: sliding formworks and rolling formworks. There are more than 30 companies that have produced a certain amount of cold die racks in the country, of which only 3 are producing more than 100,000 sets per year. These include: Xiaoshan Precision Mold Standard Parts Factory, Jiangsu Zhenjiang Chuanshan Formwork Factory, and Xixi Honghegong. Mold factory. The total annual production of the three die sets totaled about 400,000 sets, accounting for about half of the national total. From the perspective of demand, there are about 1 million sets of cold punches each year in the country, so there are still many gaps. The contradiction between the production and demand of the steel plate formwork and the precision formwork in the notch is the greatest, so the self-produced and self-proportioned proportion is the largest.
Injection mold rack
The production of injection mold racks is more dispersed than the cold stamping racks, and more manufacturers. It is estimated that there are more than 40 manufacturers of injection molds in the country. Most of them have annual production of less than 1,000 sets, and there are less than 10 companies with more than ten thousand sets of capacity, including Longji Group, Dongguan Mingli Steel Mold Products Co., Ltd., and Desheng. The production scale of the company and Guangdong Shunde New Qiangsheng Mould Co., Ltd. belongs to the first phalanx. The annual output value of the injection mold base of each enterprise exceeds 100 million yuan, and some can reach several hundred million yuan. Suzhou Zhongchong Heavy Industry Steel Mould Company, Shenzhen South Mould Factory, Shenzhen Xinglonghua Industrial Company, Shenzhen Xinglong Machinery Mould Co., Ltd., Kunshan Zhongda Mould Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yarun Mold Mould Co., Ltd., Sichuan Jiangdong Machinery Factory, Nantong Longteng Machinery Co., Ltd., Kunshan Hongshun Large Formwork Co., Ltd., etc. belong to the second square array, and the annual output value of the injection mold base exceeds 10 million yuan. A total of more than 10 companies have achieved an annual output value of more than 2 billion yuan in injection molds, accounting for more than 90% of the country's total output. According to needs, at present, the country needs about more than 3 billion yuan for injection molding. However, the domestic market has not reached this scale. This is mainly due to the higher ratio of self-produced and self-produced injection mold stands and more exports. In northern China and the vast central and western regions, due to the low level of professionalism and historical reasons, some old concepts have not yet been fundamentally changed. Therefore, most of the injection mold bases required by the mold production units are still self-produced and rarely purchased. . Therefore, the market for injection molds is currently concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, followed by the Yangtze River Delta, with Guangdong being the most concentrated, followed by Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Shandong.
As mold users' requirements for the production cycle of molds are getting shorter and shorter, enterprises that produce large and medium-sized injection mold bases have begun to develop deep processing such as pre-excavating cavities and deep holes, and have achieved good results.
Push rod push tube
Due to the complex process and low price, the specialized production of putter push tubes is the best in many mold standard parts, and its use coverage is almost 100%. Japan-based Pan-Industrial (Dalian) Co., Ltd. is China's largest manufacturer of push-pull push-pull tubes. Its products are of superior quality, are expensive, and are exported in large quantities. Guangzhou Power Mould Standard Parts Co., Ltd. currently has an annual capacity of 30 million. It is the largest domestic-funded enterprise and has a variety of push-pull pipe specifications and grades. It can meet the needs of different levels and has some finished products exported. . Guangzhou Donghua Mould Pusher Factory, Zengcheng Fuqiang Mould Industrial Co., Ltd., Anhui Lida Mould Standards, Tianjin Hedong Zhenhua Mould Standard Parts Factory and Tianjin Gonghua Mould Standard Parts Co., Ltd. have an annual output of about 10 million pieces. ability. The output of the above seven companies accounted for about 80% of the national total, putting the market to push and control the basic balance between production and demand. The production enterprises have noticed the importance of improving processes, increasing varieties, improving product quality and grades, and further developing specialized production. In particular, several top companies are trying to improve their competitiveness by using advanced technology for technological transformation.
In addition to the above-mentioned cold die racks, injection mold bases and push rod push tubes, the coverage of the use of elastic elements is also very high, almost 100%. However, gas springs (such as nitrogen cylinders) are basically imported. There is no standard in the country and trials are being carried out. In addition, 14 module standard parts such as formwork modules, guides, standard convex dies and sprue bushings are also produced by some companies in China. However, there are few varieties and specifications, and the use coverage is low, and many self-produced products are used. There are no standards for domestic hot runner components, and only individual companies produce or supply them for their own use. At present, the middle and high grade hot runner components are basically imported from abroad. The products that are produced and used for their own use are those with lower performance and poorer stability, and are used for molds that require less. There are many mold standard parts that can be purchased from the market abroad, and there is no professional production in the country. Therefore, in the development of variety specifications, the prospects are very broad.
China's "fifteen" mold industry development plan put forward: mold standard parts to expand the variety, improve accuracy and achieve interchangeability. Among them, major types, such as formworks, guides, push rods, elastic components, etc., must be mass-produced on an economic scale. In 2005, the use rate of mold standard parts reached 60%, and in 2010 it reached over 70% (standardization of 60% of large-size mold parts), basically meeting the market needs, mold bases, guides, putters, push tubes, elastic components, standards Components, small standard components (such as standard male and female molds, sprue bushings, retaining rings, pull hooks, etc.) and hot runner components are the focus of development. We can see the arduous tasks and bright prospects of mold standardization and mold standard parts. The guiding ideology of the mold standardization work proposed by the Standards Committee of China Die and Mould Industry Association is: Standardization is the basis, and specialization is the direction. Commercialization is the key.