Black medicine has been used for a long time in the flotation of sulfide ore, and its use is second only to xanthate. The chemical name for the drug black dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate acid (salt), having the following formula:
  
RO / S
P
RO / SH(Me)
The commonly used black medicine, R may be an aryl group, a phenol black medicine, or an alkyl group, which is called an alcohol black medicine. The acid black medicinal ammonia is neutralized to form an ammonium black drug, which is neutralized with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to form a sodium black drug. Therefore, Me in the formula can represent Na + or NH 4 + .
Black medicine is made by reacting alcohol or phenol with phosphorus pentasulfide. A variety of black medicines can be produced by changing the types of alcohols and phenols. The commonly used phenolic black medicines in China are 15 #黑药 and 25 #黑药, which are cresol and phosphorus pentasulfide. It was prepared and named after the content of phosphorus pentasulfide at the time of preparation was 15% and 25%, respectively. The commonly used alcoholic black medicine in China is butylammonium black medicine. The widely reported black drugs are listed in the following table:
Common black medicine

Brand or name
main ingredient
Main component structure
15 #黑药
25 #黑药
31 #黑药
241 #黑药
242 #黑药
208 #黑药
203 #黑药
213 #黑药
238 #黑药
226 #黑药
239 #黑药
Dimethylphenol black medicine
Cresol black medicine contains P2S515%
Cresol black medicine contains P2S525%
25 #黑药 plus 6% 白药
25 #黑制药 ammonia neutralizing products
31 #黑制药 ammonia neutralizing product
Ethyl sodium black medicine and butyl sodium black medicine
Mix in 1:1
Isopropyl sodium black medicine
Isopropylammonium black medicine
Butyl sodium black medicine
Butyl ammonium black medicine
Amyl ammonium black drug containing 10% ethanol or isopropanol
Xylenol dithiophosphoric acid

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