Antimony-containing alloys of industrial interest of more than 200, wherein the gate electrode and a lead storage battery manufacture joint part, bearing (bearing metal), printing alloy (type K), bronze, antimony, cable sheathing, lead, lead pipes, and Lead foil, solder, hose, projectile, chalk, etc. consume a large amount of ruthenium, and the range of bismuth-containing components is listed in the following table.

Table The approximate composition of industrial niobium alloy

Alloy name

Main ingredient ∕%

Other ingredients∕%

Battery grid

2.5 to 5

0.25~0.5

margin

Bearing alloy

4~15

Tin base 83 ~ 93

Lead base 1.5~11

0.35

margin

As 1~3

Cu 0.5～8

Printing alloy

4~23

17~3

margin

Cu 0~2

Bronze bronze

7

Cu 91, Ni 2

Cable wrapper

1 to 6

margin

Lead and lead pipe

2 to 6

margin

solder

0 to 2

42~38

margin

hose

2 to 3

margin

Projectile

0.5～12

0.25~1.0

Chalk

0~8

margin

20~2

Cu0.2~5, Zn0~5

Hard lead

6~28

margin

The first four alloys in the table are the most widely used niobium alloys in industry. The composition of lead-based alloys varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, typically from 3% to 12%.

Low-maintenance and maintenance-free batteries have emerged since the 1960s. The low maintenance battery reduces the lead content of the lead grid from 5% or higher to 1.15% to 2.75%. This will affect the hardness of the lead grid, and use a small amount of other metals (mainly arsenic ) to solve it.

The variety of bearing alloys is quite numerous, and the amount used in the machinery industry and transportation industry is second only to the battery manufacturing industry.

Printing alloy (live gold) is based on bismuth tin, containing Sb 3.5% ~ 30.5%, with more than 20 brands. This alloy has a low melting point and is easy to cast. The printed alloy is usually smelted and cast by waste lead. The consumption of the original enamel in the printing alloy is only about 3% of the annual demand of bismuth, and is reduced year by year.

Bronze bronze is a new type of niobium alloy which is made of tantalum instead of expensive tin. It can be used to manufacture friction bushings, various pinions and load-bearing bushings for machine tools. It has good performance and has a promising future.

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