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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Food security is an important part of national strategic security. As a large population country, we have built a food security line, such as: the 1.8 billion mu farmland red line system, the central and local special grain reserve system, The system of sufficient food reserves in the production and marketing areas ... is not enough. Among these lines of defense, the author always feels that there is one line missing, that is, a skilled modern food producer (grower) with a certain amount and skill.
Be alert to the labor force to build a safety line for agricultural talents
Social development trends and trends are becoming more and more knowledgeable, younger and more specialized. It seems that the agricultural field seems to be the exception, and the practitioners are mostly after 70, 60, and 50. In the long run, it will inevitably lead to the fault and shortcomings of the agricultural labor force. There are many factors contributing to this phenomenon.
The driving force of comparative efficiency is considered from the perspective of economic efficiency. People think that growing grain is an uneconomical errand. Take rice as an example, from the next species to the harvest and return to the warehouse, after the flat field, seedling planting, fertilization irrigation, herbicide application, collection and return to the warehouse, and other aspects, pay for pesticides, seeds, fertilizers and employees. It is known to talk with farmers. Now, please ask someone to insert a worker for 200 yuan (not counting the cost of rice), plowing rice field 100 yuan/mu, mechanical harvesting 80 yuan/mu, seed, pesticide, fertilizer, pumping, etc. 200 yuan/mu The direct cost of an acre field also has about 700 yuan, while the average income of an acre of rice is about 1000 pounds. According to the current market price of 1.20 yuan / kg, the cost of the project is reduced. The net income of one mu of land is three or four hundred yuan. . Indirect costs such as hard work for a few months are still negligible, and the preconditions are still normal in the wind. If the day is not beautiful, it will probably be a hard work for half a year. To benefit from harm, to choose the best, the two benefits are more important. Unwilling to farm, unwilling to stay in the countryside, going out to work hard, naturally become the flow of young people and options.
The weak quality of anti-risk compared with other industries, the vulnerability of agricultural anti-natural risk and market risk still exists and appears objectively, and it will take time to fundamentally change. Under the existing scientific and technological conditions, the cultivation, growth, and harvest of crops are fundamentally still dependent on natural conditions. Second, crop production and planting still has a long natural growth cycle, but the market is changing rapidly and fleeting. The growth period of crops often cannot keep up with the rhythm of market changes. Although order farming can resolve this risk, its coverage and intensity are limited. This is also the reason why in the real life, "Garlic You", "Ginger You Army", "Do you play" or "Gu Yu hurts the farmer", "vegetables hurt the farmer", "fruits hurt the farmer" and so on. From the perspective of the dependence of natural conditions and the adaptability and endurance of market changes, the weak characteristics of agricultural production can be seen.
The boosting of urbanization and industrialization is diversified and diversified with the transfer of the industrial central and western regions. The labor flow also tends to be diversified and diversified. In the southeast and northwest, the scope is wider and deeper. Rural young and middle-aged laborers go out to work and do business, after years of struggle, or turn around, step into white-collar workers, or successfully start a business, promote the boss, or have a small savings, and gradually become a drum, regardless of the type, the end of life The destination is: first, second and third-tier cities buy homes, get married, get married, get away from the countryside, agriculture, farmers, integrate into the city, and transform into citizens. The nature of staying in rural areas is the “weak†group of old, weak, sick and disabled women.
The aging and weakening of the rural labor force does not match the intrinsic characteristics and requirements of agricultural production itself, but also brings many influences: extensive management, the selection of “good†species in the field, and the abandonment of “poorâ€; long-term practice accumulation The farming experience and technology inheritance are lacking; the modern agricultural science and technology promotion and application are slow; the labor production efficiency is low.
The popularization and promotion of agricultural mechanization has objectively reduced the labor intensity, but machinery is only a production tool, and human operation is also required to play a role. Furthermore, not all places are suitable for mechanized work. The reality is that, on the one hand, agricultural production cannot be separated from a sufficient amount of labor; on the other hand, the labor force continues to weaken and insufficient, and this situation continues.
Economics tells us that among the three elements of laborers, labor objects, and labor tools, people are active factors in productivity. The natural conditions are irresistible, the arable land area has the bottom line to control, the agricultural science and technology is becoming more and more popular, and the policy of benefiting farmers is frequently introduced. It is precisely the active factors of productivity that seem to be a forgotten corner, which has not caused due attention and become blind spots and Short board. After a few years, whoever comes to grow grain can not but pay attention to it. It should be a line of defense and protection for high-quality workers who have created a certain quantity and quality.